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Web Publishers Catch On to Free RSS Feeds
By Charles Pickett

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Several organizations offer free tools for setting up RSS, which is an increasingly popular choice for the delivery of site updates.

Macosxhints.com is a one-man hobby Weblog devoted to publishing Mac OS X "how-to" articles in a quick, easy-to-use format.

Started in November 2000, the independent resource has grown to include thousands of hints, tens of thousands of posts and hundreds of users—many of whom are notified of new hints via RSS.

RSS (Really Simple Syndication) is an increasingly popular means of sharing content. Instead of manually checking for new articles, content consumers can use a news aggregator to check RSS-enabled Web sites for them. When there is a new article, press release or update, the user is notified automatically.

Feeds are typically brief descriptions with a link to the rest of the article. Feeds also can contain the entire article or news release with images.

Macosxhints publisher Rob Griffiths e-mailed that he doesn't know much about RSS other than the basics of viewing and subscribing to feeds. But he posted that "the RSS feed here is already the most-requested page."

Publishers for years have used e-mail notifications to alert subscribers of new content. But overflowing e-mail inboxes and the deluge of spam has greatly diminished the value of e-mail notices.

Publishers also run into a host of issues with the method, from e-mailing bounced addresses to ending up on the spam blacklists of subscribers who mistakenly block their legitimate e-mail.

Subscribers who forgot they signed up to receive e-mail notifications also have accused some publishers of being spammers when they get the requested (but forgotten) e-mail updates.

RSS avoids these e-mail issues. And its use by early adopters is exploding.

For example, in an April 2005 release, The New York Times Co. reported a 342 percent increase in page views for its RSS feeds from the previous March, and a 39 percent increase from February to March of this year.

Two telephone surveys by the Pew Internet & American Life Project in November 2004 established that 5 percent of online Americans, 6 million people, receive news and information from RSS aggregators.

"This is a first-time measurement from our surveys and is an indicator that this application is gaining an impressive foothold," project director Lee Rainie wrote in the report.

Further fueling the RSS trend is the recent release of Mac OS X Tiger 10.4. One of the more than 200 new features in the operating system is a renamed and updated version of the Apple Web browser, called Safari. As the name implies, Safari RSS has a built-in RSS newsreader with additional features to facilitate feed filtering, update notification and detection of RSS news feeds.

Click here to read about problems that Tiger has caused with creative workflows.

While most publishers don't have the resources of The New York Times, small but tech-savvy publishers can reap the rewards of RSS for free and for less effort than they may envision.

On Macosxhints, Griffiths uses Geeklog to publish OS X tips, track members and dynamically generate Web pages. Geeklog is a free and open-source content-management system that uses other open-source applications—Linux, Apache, PHP and MySQL—on a shared hosting plan. Geeklog is just one of number of free and open-source content-management systems available.

Next Page: RSS can cause server bottlenecks.

While RSS can benefit publishers by automatically informing readers of new content, there is a downside: increased data transfer load.

RSS readers will check RSS feeds on a scheduled frequency. For example, the Web-based news aggregator Bloglines.com checks sites once an hour.

In a hint posted on Macosxhints on how to modify the Safari RSS refresh rate, Griffiths added his concern about increased server load.

"Speaking as a Webmaster, please don't set this value to some ridiculously low number—if you do, and your neighbor does, and their neighbor does, etc., the resulting load on the Web server can be quite notable," Griffiths posted.

Griffiths added that there are a number of RSS users who like to check his site "every two minutes, 24 hours a day … despite the fact that hints here (the only thing in the RSS feed) are usually only updated once per day."

Another potential RSS problem publishers may encounter is the myriad types of file formats for syndicating content. Among these formats are RSS 0.91, 1.0 and 2.0, and Atom. Both Macosxhints.com and NYTimes.com use RSS 2.0.

Small publishers who don't want to use a content-management system still can offer RSS feeds to their readers. There are a number of tools for creating your own RSS feeds, including Blogger, Tristana Writer and FeedForAll.

For the truly adventurous, RSS feeds can be manually written in an ordinary text editor. The XML-based format looks similar to HTML but has only a few elements.

A number of resources are available on the Web for writing RSS 2.0 documents, including the spec site located at Harvard Law School, and an online and aptly named Feed Validator.


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